Second Report

Second Report

Introducción

Thisstory takes placein the skywhere there are somecharactersthat shaped the historyof the developmentof scienceand engineering.

Arquímedes: 

Hello, what do you do on that site, this site is for those who contribute to science and engineering, you're wrong.

Barbará:

no, I'm not in the wrong place, my contributions to science and engineering were several, because I worked in the NASA aeronautical as engineer responsible for moon landing; and I was only woman on the engineering team. I made significant contributions to four of the nation's most prominent systems and technology ventures.

 And I received a recognition of the NASA by the major role that I played in the Apollo 11 mission.

Arquimedes:

NASA, APOLO… ¿what is this?

Barbara:              

NASA is the U.S. government agency responsible for space programs and Apollo 11 mission, was  the  first successful attempt to land on the moon. But ¿Who are you?

Arquimedes:

You do not know who I am, I am Archimedes, I am the most important scientist of antiquity, I substantiate the hydrostatic and static. My experiments were very important in the Renaissance.

All my stuck in the field of engineering developed to meet the needs of my city, use water displacement to find the volume of a solid. Thanks to my screw achieves lead water in high gardens. By means of mirrors reflecting sunlight to burn enemy ships. Design catapults, scorpions and cranes for the land battle.

In math calculate the areas of circles, curves and pentagons my wits end when I was killed by a Roman soldier, come Barbara and meet other people, hi is Galileo's and she is Joan of Arc

Barabra:               wow,that nice surprise…Galileo thank you very much for your contribution to the improvement of telescopes.

 Galileo:                There is nothingto be thankful for. Scienceand technologyarea passion, they are the basisof engineering. Ispent mylife to artand engineering,Iwentmathematician and philosopher.

In my day, the Church exercisedabsolute power overhumanity, the fearof being executedfor itwas very large, I had todecodemy research. An exampleof this wasJoan of Arc, she was burnedfor heresy.

Juana:                    yes, that is true. . At thirteen, I confessed to have seen St. Michael, St. Catherine and St. Margaret and I declared that the voices exhorted to lead a pious life with 17 years  I headed the French royal army. I persuaded the King Charles VII would expel the English from France and he was given authority over his army at the Siege of Orleans. I was able to defeat the British and raise the siege of Orleans on May 8, 1429.  I had an unsuccessful attack on Paris in September 1429 in the siege of Compiegne, I was captured by the Burgundians on May 24, 1430. Delivered to the English, I was transferred to Rouen and tried by an ecclesiastical court accused of witchcraft. After a three-month inquisitorial process, I was found guilty of heresy and sorcery and sentenced to life imprisonment (after retracting his statements) Days later  I  reaffirmed the divine origin of the voices I heard, therefore, doomed to the flames ,I  was executed on May 30, 1431 in the old market square of Rouen.

 Barbara then, are the women in equal to men ?

Barbará :              Yes, because we are all human and we should have the same rights and duties.

 Juana:                   Barbara Welcome to the sky, and thanks for contributing to the development of science and engineering

 Galileo :               Engineering is a passion, is the desire to translate the science in the world, recreate in ways unimaginable. Do not forget, science is the art of detailing the existence every day.

Engineering in the News

Engineering in the News

Increasingly advances generated in the field of engineering. Almost all major fields of economic activity has received great benefits of engineering. Agriculture, with all its versions, the traditional and the modern mining, big industry, the medium and small, land transport, river and air; conventional agribusiness and modern; oils in all its stages, from the exploration to the boilers and engines, building and public works, the powerful and well advanced electricity sector, household utilities, medicine and the growing financial sector. There would be no modern economy without the vast and strong support it has given and continues to give engineering.

However, the engineer must be very clear about the environment in which it moves. For example, the technology is certainly future marked by robotics. This will pose serious problems for developing countries, he will allow industrialized countries further automate their industries, not to rely on cheap labor or natural resources of third world countries.

The adoption of clean manufacturing processes, regional diversification of the economy, the reduction of social and regional inequalities, acquire a value far greater than the mere increase in production and productivity at any cost. Clearly, engineers must play a key role in defining the future.

Engineering in the Modern Age

Engineering in the Modern Age

The developments of nineteenth century engineering, altered the course of the story. The first change was the expansion of the industrial revolution, the second the emergence of civil engineering as a profession, so it became necessary scientific and technical education in order to perform the profession. The third development was the introduction of the method of applied science.

An example of the method applied science was the development of electrical engineering, which together with the popularization of the internal combustion engine and chemistry, originates the second industrial revolution of the early twentieth century.

Engineering during the Industrial Revolution

Engineering during the Industrial Revolution

Forty years after the death of Newcomen, James Watt made ​​changes so fundamental and important qu, along with Newcomen and Savery, is credited as the originator of the steam engine.

Also highlighted at the time the method discovered by Henry Cort, to refine iron. The Watt's engine and provided a source of iron for machinery and motive power plants to operate machinery.

The steamboat and railroads, the union between science and technology, engineering education and industrial development generated all the consequences of the Industrial Revolution.

Engineering in the Renaissance

Engineering in the Renaissance

Florence was the most famous engineer of all time, Leonardo da Vincei (1452-1519). Although still hailed as one of the artists of the Renaissance, his efforts as an engineer, inventor and architect, are even more impressive. Long after his death, his designs of the gas turbine, the machine gun, the camera, and the helicopter conical membranes have proved usable.

Galileo (1564 - 1642) was also a man of great versatility. He was an excellent writer, artist and musician and is also considered one of the leading scientists in this historical period. One of his greatest contributions was his formulation of the scientific method to access knowledge.

Include names like Torricelli, Pascal, Fermat, Descartes, Boyle, Hooke, Huygens, Leibniz and Isaac Newton.

At that time the first attempts were made to produce the steam engine by Papin and Newcomen.

Engineering in the Middle Ages

Engineering in the Middle Ages

During this period, first used the word engineer.

The chief glory of the Middle Ages were its cathedrals, its epic or scholastic: was the construction of a complex civilization that did not rely on the sweaty backs of slaves or laborers but primarily in non-human strength. Obviously a stimulus for this development was the decline of the institution of slavery and the continued growth of Christianity.

The main sources of power were water power, wind and horse, which took shape in the wheels and hydraulic turbines, wind mills and candles, carts and carriages.

It also made ​​other technical advances, such as the use of charcoal and the air blast to smelt iron efficiently. Another advance was the introduction of paper from China and gunpowder by the Arabs, and the sciences of chemistry and optics that they developed.

The use of paper, the invention of printing and the compass, and navigation, contributed to the spread of knowledge.

Engineers raised the art of medieval construction, as the Gothic arch and flying buttresses, to heights unknown to the Romans.

From this period dates the mechanical clock, which so markedly influence in modern civilization.

In Asia, engineering Avano also with complex construction techniques, hydraulics and metallurgy, which helped create civilizations as the Mongol Empire, whose large and beautiful cities impressed Marco Polo in the thirteenth century.

Greek and Roman Civilization

Greek and Roman CivilizationIn buildings of Mycenae, were handled huge stone blocks, up to 120 tons. Also dominated the false arch, a technique that has excelled in the field of engineering. This principle is used in underground construction, as tombs and cellars, and the superficial, for railway bridges and aqueducts.
EngineeringThe Greeks of Athens and Sparta, not noted for their creativity and ingenuity, but by the development of ideas. His greatest contribution was the discovery that nature has general laws of behavior.The first engineer recognized in the Greek world was Pytheos, builder of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, who combined three elements here: the high pedestal of the column, the Greek temple and Egyptian burial mound.Other important engineers were Dinocrates, the glider Alexandria, Sostratus, who built the lighthouse, Archimedes and Heron Cresibius, the inventor of the steam turbine.The best engineers of antiquity were the Romans, but often lacked originality of thought, were remarkable at the time of applying the techniques, among which stand out the way they used on bridges and aqueducts.Apart from the substantial bridges aqueducts, visible in Europe and Asia, which are famous examples of the aguaducho Segovia or the Pont du Gard, near Nimes, with 50 m high and 300 long, the highly significant famous imperial roads like Via Appia and the Via Flaminia, Italy spanning longitudinally. At the height of Roman power, the road network covered 290,000 km. from Scotland to Persia.The degree of development of Roman engineering, is reflected in the implementation of the same in the military arts and navigation issues, adequacy of ports and harbors.Roman engineering foundation was written, as in the book De Architectura of Vitruvius, was escreto in Rome in the first century after Christ.When power shifted from Rome to Byzantium in the sixth century AD, Roman engineering was adapted to new demands and new forms of construction arose in that the Byzantines outnumbered Egyptians, Greeks and Romans developed the principle of the arch and used in a dome supported at corners of a square tower. A notable example of this is the Cathedral of St. Sophia.

Firs Report

First Report

 

Diana Andrea Ossa Vega Ing quimica
Keli Johana Quintero Ing geologica
Sebatian Berrio Campillo Ing Petroleos
Carlos Mauricio Suarez Tobon Ing quimica

...

Topic "History of the engineering"

Dialogue between Aristotle, Galileo, Joan of Arc and Barbara.

Sebastian is Arquimedes.
Keli is Juana de Arco.
Diana is Barbara Jhonson.
Carlos is Galileo.

Content

Archimedes:
- First of engineering developments.
- Some relevant names.

Joan Of Arc
- Changes in the medieval world, from engineering.
- Vision of science as a weapon.

Galieo
- Emergence of the scientific method.
- The science against religion.

Barbara Johnson
- Globalized world.
- Future of engineering.

Egyptian Civilization

Egyptian Civilization

The first engineer known by name was Imhotep, builder of the pyramid of steps in Saqqarah, Egypt, probably around 2550 BC For his wisdom and skill, was elevated to god after his death.

engineering
Imhotep's successors - Egyptians, Persians, Greeks and Romans - civil engineering led to remarkableheights, based on empirical methods aided by arithmetic, geometry and some emerging knowledge of physics.

It is noteworthy Egyptian engineering, based on the strength of armies of men undergoing a pharaoh and thelarge amount of stone available in the valley of the Nile This allowed the construction of huge temples and pyramids.

Although built impressive structures, only produced few significant innovations in building with stone fort washis brute strength and size.

They also built dams and canals, and had complex irrigation systems. When irrigated land was higher than thewater level, using a device called cigoñal "shaduf" to raise the water to a level from which the earth was heading.